With St George's Park acting as the hub for the tournament, venues across the Midlands and South Yorkshire will also be part of the action.
Chesterfield FC will stage the opening match and Rotherham United the final, with matches taking place between 4 and 20 May 2018.
England, now world champions at Under-17 level after their triumph in India earlier this year, will qualify automatically as hosts and will be joined by 15 other nations.
Speaking to the FA website, UEFA President Aleksander Čeferin said: "The European Under-17 Championship gives football fans an early opportunity to watch talented young footballers as they start out on what they hope will be successful careers in the game."
Tickets will go on sale in January.